Bio-refinery of palm kernel expeller waste into attached microalgal biodiesel, the life cycle analysis of waste biomass-to-energy
Hemamalini Rawindran, Kuan Shiong Khoo, Ratchaprapa Raksasat, Chin Seng Liew, Wai Hong Leong, M. Devendran, Balasubramani Ravindran, Woei Yenn Tong, Jin Chung Sin, Sze Mun Lam, Mu. Naushad, Jun Wei Lim
Topics & Concepts
BiodieselPalm kernelRefineryBiomass (ecology)Waste managementPalm kernel oilEnvironmental scienceBiodiesel productionLife-cycle assessmentRenewable energyPulp and paper industryPalm oilProduction (economics)EngineeringChemistryAgricultural scienceAgronomyBiologyCatalysisEconomicsElectrical engineeringMacroeconomicsBiochemistryBiodiesel Production and ApplicationsAlgal biology and biofuel productionBiofuel production and bioconversion