V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> as a versatile electrode material for postlithium energy storage systems
Qiang Fu, Hainan Zhao, Angelina Sarapulova, Sonia Dsoke
Abstract
Abstract Postlithium batteries have received intense attention as an alternative for large‐scale electric energy storage systems due to their rich resources and low cost. Vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) is very promising as a host material because of its rich structure, high capacity, easy preparation, and adequate safety. V 2 O 5 has several modifications, including α‐, β‐, δ‐, γ‐, ζ‐, and ε‐V 2 O 5, as well as hydrate V 2 O 5 (V 2 O 5 · n H 2 O). In this mini‐review, we comprehensively summarize the crystal structure of polymorphs V 2 O 5 materials, their relationships, and their applications in postlithium batteries, including monovalent (Na + , K + ), multivalent‐ion (Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ , Al 3+ ), and nonmetallic (H + , NH 4 + )‐based batteries. Finally, general strategies are reviewed to improve the performance of V 2 O 5 .