Role of battery energy storage systems: A comprehensive review on renewable energy zones integration in weak transmission networks
S M Nazmuz Sakib, Md. Biplob Hossain, Muhammad Ahsan Zamee, Mohammad Jakir Hossain, Md. Ahasan Habib
Abstract
The challenges posed by non-renewable energy sources—both environmental and economic—are driving Australia's transition to Renewable Energy Zones (REZs). However, integrating REZs into weak grids introduces instability, power quality issues, and non-dispatchable generation, jeopardizing system reliability. While Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) help address these issues, non-battery ESSs often fall short in efficiency, flexibility, and rapid response. In contrast, Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) demonstrate superior performance, effectively stabilizing weak grids, managing power fluctuations, and facilitating renewable energy integration. Despite significant research on BESSs, a comprehensive review of control strategies, energy management systems (EMSs), and grid support technologies in zonal weak grids remains limited. This paper seeks to bridge this gap by analyzing BESS control methodologies, EMS frameworks, and their impact on grid stability, power quality, and renewable integration. By highlighting the limitations of conventional storage and showcasing the potential of BESSs, this study offers valuable insights for academia and industry alike. Integrating BESS into weak grids is transformative, enhancing renewable energy resilience through adaptive control and energy management systems, crucial for achieving a global carbon-neutral future. The findings provide a roadmap for researchers, grid operators, and policymakers to develop sustainable, resilient energy systems, advancing technological innovation, economic feasibility, and policy strategies toward a carbon-neutral future.