Real‐time, closed‐loop, or open‐loop stimulation? Navigating a terminological jungle
James W. Antony, Hong‐Viet V. Ngo, Til Ole Bergmann, Björn Rasch
Abstract
Recent advancements in real-time brain stimulation in the sleep field have led to many exciting findings. However, they have also opened up terminological ambiguities about what constitutes "open-loop", "closed-loop", and "real-time" designs. Here, we address core theoretical aspects of these terms in the hopes of strengthening future research on this topic.
Topics & Concepts
JungleClosed loopLoop (graph theory)Open-loop controllerComputer scienceField (mathematics)Core (optical fiber)Control engineeringEngineeringTelecommunicationsMathematicsGeographyArchaeologyCombinatoricsPure mathematicsEEG and Brain-Computer InterfacesSleep and Wakefulness ResearchNeurological disorders and treatments