Emerging Adjuvant Thrombolytic Therapies for Acute Ischemic Stroke Reperfusion
Vignan Yogendrakumar, Sarah Vandelanotte, Eva Mistry, Michael D. Hill, Shelagh B. Coutts, Raul G. Nogueira, Thanh N. Nguyen, Robert L. Medcalf, Joseph P. Broderick, Simon F. De Meyer, Bruce Campbell
Abstract
Thrombolytic therapies for acute ischemic stroke are widely available but only result in recanalization early enough, to be therapeutically useful, in 10% to 30% of cases. This large gap in treatment effectiveness could be filled by novel therapies that can increase the effectiveness of thrombus clearance without significantly increasing the risk of harm. This focused update will describe the current state of emerging adjuvant treatments for acute ischemic stroke reperfusion. We focus on new treatments that are designed to (1) target different components that make up a stroke thrombus, (2) enhance endogenous fibrinolytic systems, (3) reduce stagnant blood flow, and (4) improve recanalization of distal thrombi and postendovascular thrombectomy.