Litcius/Paper detail

Unveiling Argon’s Hidden Reactivity: Discovery of Argon Hydroxide Cations at the Air–Water Interface of Microdroplets

Abhijit Nandy, Anitesh Rana, Pragya Pahchan, Deepsikha Kalita, Debasish Koner, Shibdas Banerjee

2025The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters7 citationsDOI

Abstract

Argon is the third most abundant gas in the atmosphere and is regarded as chemically inert. Unlike many other atmospheric gases that have undergone fixation over geological time scales, argon has not been known to form stable compounds. Contrary to this century-old belief, we report that argon can react at the surface of tiny water droplets suspended in air to form argon hydroxide cations ([ArOH] + ) at room temperature. Remarkably, this species can be generated and maintained in equilibrium within an aerosol vial for extended periods, following real-time monitoring by mass spectrometry. Mechanistic analysis suggests that the water microdroplet surface carries a net charge and, during its evolution in air into smaller droplets, generates corona discharge, producing [ArOH] + at the air–water interface. Given the ubiquitous presence of water microdroplets in nature, this reaction of argon with water redefines the landscape of noble gas chemistry on Earth and beyond.

Topics & Concepts

ArgonHydroxideChemistryParts-per notationAerosolNoble gasAtmosphere (unit)Analytical Chemistry (journal)HydrogenArgon gasChemical physicsChemical reactionCorona (planetary geology)Atmospheric chemistryInorganic chemistryEarth (classical element)Chemical engineeringWater vaporAqueous solutionMineralogyCorona dischargeEnvironmental chemistrySpectroscopy and Quantum Chemical StudiesAtmospheric chemistry and aerosolsMethane Hydrates and Related Phenomena