Comprehensive assessment of greenness of ICP-OES methods for determination of metals
Aesha Bhalodia, Sonal Desai
Abstract
• Greenness of ICP-OES methods evaluated for environmental sustainability. • ICP-OES detects toxic elements like cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic. • Greenness tools MoGAPI, GAPI, AGREE, AGREEPrep, BAGI, ChlorTox assessed 16 analytical methods. • Study promotes eco-friendly and safer ICP-OES analytical techniques. This paper evaluates the greenness of Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) methods for determination metal and metalloid. ICP-OES is a precise technique for multi-element quantification, making it vital for environmental monitoring by detecting trace levels of toxic elements like cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic. Using greenness assessment tools such as GAPI (Green Analytical Procedure Index), MoGAPI (Modified Green Analytical Procedure Index), AGREE (Analytical GREEnness Metric), AGREEprep (Analytical Greenness Metric for Sample Preparation), BAGI (Blue Applicability Grade Index) and ChlorTox (Chloroform oriented Toxicity Estimation Scale), 16 methods were evaluated for their environmental sustainability. These tools provide insights into the eco-friendliness of selected ICP-OES techniques, highlighting its benefits for greener and safer analytical processes.