Small-Scale Modeling of Flexible Barriers. II: Interactions with Large Wood
Guillaume Piton, Ana Rocio Ceron-Mayo, Stéphane Lambert
Abstract
During strong floods, rivers often carry significant amounts of sediment and pieces of large wood (LW). When bridges and hydraulic structures are unable to allow LW to pass through, it becomes necessary to trap LW through specific wood retention structures (e.g., flexible barriers). This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the interactions between LW and flexible barriers using small scale models. A dimensionless criterion is first proposed to compute blockage probability of single logs. It is based on experiments varying log size and shape, channel slope (2%, 4%, and 6%), water discharge, and barrier bottom clearance. Based on runs using six mixtures of hundreds of logs, an equation is secondly provided to compute flow depth at a barrier accounting for the head losses related to large numbers of logs. Conditions leading to the release of LW when the barrier is severely overwhelmed are also studied. The deformation measured on the barrier proves to be lower with LW-laden flows than under full hydrostatic loading of a barrier obstructed by a plastic sheet. Overall, we demonstrate that flexible barriers are very relevant structures to trap LW. A companion paper shows how to design and manufacture a small scale flexible barrier in mechanical similitude with the prototype scale.