Changes in Mitochondrial Epigenome in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Hui Ching Low, William M. Chilian, Wickneswari Ratnam, Tilakavati Karupaiah, Mohd Fairulnizal Md Noh, Fazliana Mansor, Zhi Xiang Ng, Yuh Fen Pung
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a major chronic metabolic disorder in public health. Due to mitochondria's indispensable role in the body, its dysfunction has been implicated in the development and progression of multiple diseases, including Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Thus, factors that can regulate mitochondrial function, like mtDNA methylation, are of significant interest in managing T2DM. In this paper, the overview of epigenetics and the mechanism of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA methylation were briefly discussed, followed by other mitochondrial epigenetics. Subsequently, the association between mtDNA methylation with T2DM and the challenges of mtDNA methylation studies were also reviewed. This review will aid in understanding the impact of mtDNA methylation on T2DM and future advancements in T2DM treatment.