Pharmaceuticals of emerging concern in hospital wastewater: removal of Ibuprofen and Ofloxacin drugs using MBBR method
Afzal Husain Khan, Hamidi Abdul Aziz, Nadeem A. Khan, Sirajuddin Ahmed, Mohd Mehtab, Sergij Vambol, Viola Vambol, Fazlollah Changani, Saiful Islam
Abstract
Hospital wastewater (HWW) is one of the largest sources of pharmaceutical release. The present paper proposes the sustainable and controllable hospital wastewater treatment method based on the photo-Fenton process using MnO2 and moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) treatment followed by ozonation process. The method has satisfactory removal rates of Ibuprofen and Ofloxacin˃90%. Evaluation of the optimum operational parameters such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), ozone consumption (OC), time of ozone exposure (TOE), manganese oxide (MnO2) concentration (MOC) was carried out. It was established that the optimal performance occurred at following conditions – HRT (16–20 hours), MLSS (2500–3500 mg/L), OC (7–9 L/hrs), TOE (4–10 min) and MOC (1.9–2.7 mg/L). It is proposed for practical application to control the HWW in two stages. The first stage includes preliminary tests for evaluation of optimum MOC. The second stage is based on continuous evaluation of HRT and TOE using analytical modelling functions.