The Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Diagnose Stage 2 Type 1 Diabetes
Julia K. Mader, Jenise C. Wong, Guido Freckmann, José Garcia‐Tirado, Irl B. Hirsch, Suzanne Bennett Johnson, David Kerr, Sun H. Kim, Rayhan Lal, Eslam Montaser, Holly K. O’Donnell, Stefan Pleus, Viral N. Shah, Alessandra T. Ayers, Cindy Ho, Torben Biester, Klemen Dovč, Farnoosh Farrokhi, G. Alexander Fleming, Pieter Gillard, Lutz Heinemann, Raquel López‐Díez, David M. Maahs, Chantal Mathieu, Zoe Quandt, Birgit Rami‐Merhar, Wendy A. Wolf, David C. Klonoff
Abstract
This consensus report evaluates the potential role of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in screening for stage 2 type 1 diabetes (T1D). CGM offers a minimally invasive alternative to venous blood testing for detecting dysglycemia, facilitating early identification of at-risk individuals for confirmatory blood testing. A panel of experts reviewed current evidence and addressed key questions regarding CGM's diagnostic accuracy and screening protocols. They concluded that while CGM cannot yet replace blood-based diagnostics, it holds promise as a screening tool that could lead to earlier, more effective intervention. Metrics such as time above range >140 mg/dL could indicate progression risk, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based modeling may enhance predictive capabilities. Further research is needed to establish CGM-based diagnostic criteria and refine screening strategies to improve T1D detection and intervention.