Upcycling polyethylene into closed-loop recyclable polymers through titanosilicate catalyzed C-H oxidation and in-chain heteroatom insertion
Robin Lemmens, Jannick Vercammen, Lander Van Belleghem, Dirk De Vos
Abstract
Polyolefins are the most widely produced type of plastics owing to their low production cost and favorable properties. Their polymer backbone consists solely of inert C-C bonds, making them resistant and durable materials. Although this is an extremely useful attribute during their use phase, it complicates chemical recycling. In this work, different types of polyethylenes (PEs) are converted into ketone-functionalized PEs with up to 3.4% functionalized carbon atoms, in mild conditions (≤100 °C), using a titanosilicate catalyst and tert-butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant. Subsequently, the introduced ketones are exploited as sites for heteroatom insertion. Through Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, in-chain esters are produced with yields up to 73%. Alternatively, the ketones can be converted into the corresponding oxime, which can undergo a Beckmann rearrangement to obtain in-chain amides, with yields up to 75%. These transformations allow access to polymers that are amenable to solvolysis, thereby enhancing their potential for chemical recycling. Chemical recycling of polyolefins continues to pose challenges. This research introduces ketones into polyethylene using a titanosilicate catalyst and transforms them into in-chain esters or amides, resulting in polymers suitable for closed-loop recycling.