Global Perspective of Drought Impacts on Ozone Pollution Episodes
Yadong Lei, Xu Yue, Hong Liao, Lin Zhang, Hao Zhou, Chenguang Tian, Cheng Gong, Yimian Ma, Yang Cao, Roger Seco, Thomas Karl, Mark J. Potosnak
Abstract
Ozone (O3) pollution threatens global public health and damages ecosystem productivity. Droughts modulate surface O3 through meteorological processes and vegetation feedbacks. Unraveling these influences is difficult with traditional chemical transport models. Here, using an atmospheric chemistry–vegetation coupled model in combination with a suite of existing measurements, we investigate the drought impacts on global surface O3 and explore the main driving processes. Relative to the mean state, accelerated photochemical rates dominate the surface O3 enhancement during droughts except for eastern U.S. and western Europe, where reduced stomatal uptakes make comparable contributions. During 1990–2012, the simulated frequency of O3 pollution episodes in western Europe decreases greatly with a negative trend of −5.5 ± 6.6 days per decade following the reductions in anthropogenic emissions if meteorology is fixed. However, such decreased trend is weakened to −2.1 ± 3.8 days per decade, which is closer to the observed trend of −2.9 ± 1.1 days per decade when year-to-year meteorology is applied because increased droughts alone offset 43% of the effects from air pollution control. Our results highlight that more stringent controls of O3 precursors are necessary to mitigate the higher risks of O3 pollution episodes by more droughts in a warming world.