Macrosomia and its predictors in pregnant women with diabetes in Ethiopia
Demeke Mesfin Belay, Wubet Alebachew Bayih, Abebaw Yeshambel Alemu, Aklilu Endalamaw, Demewoz Kefale Mekonen, Amare Simegn Ayele, Tigabu Munye Aytenew, Yeshambaw Eshetie Aynew, Wasihun Hailemichael, Sisay Getu, Mulugeta Kiros, Andualem Henok, Binyam Minuye Birihan
Abstract
Abstract Background To estimate the prevalence of macrosomia and contributing factors among pregnant women with diabetes in Ethiopia. Methods The Cochrane, PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, Web of Science electronic databases and grey literature found in online university repositories were searched for primary studies reporting the prevalence of macrosomia (birth weight ≥4 kg, irrespective of gestational age) and/or at least one determinant factor using WHO diabetes diagnosis criteria were involved. Variations across the studies were checked using the I 2 statistic; funnel plot and Egger's test were used to assess publication bias. A weighted inverse random effect model was used to estimate the overall prevalence of macrosomia. Results The overall prevalence of macrosomic newborns among pregnant women with diabetes [15.1% (95% CI: 9.0%, 21.2%)] was higher than the prevalence among non‐diabetic mothers (3.9%). Maternal blood glucose level >100 mg/dl [AOR = 10.5: 95% CI: 5.9, 15.1] and >120 mg/dl [AOR = 8.8: 95% CI: 4.5, 13.0], lack of Antenatal Care (ANC) visit [AOR = 10.8: 95% CI: 6.0, 15.0], previous adverse birth outcomes and advanced maternal age [AOR = 3.5: 95% CI: 1.0, 5.9] were significantly associated with the prevalence of macrosomia at 95% CI. Conclusion The pooled prevalence of macrosomia among pregnant women with diabetes was higher than the prevalence among non‐diabetic pregnant women (3.9%). Advanced maternal age, previous adverse birth outcomes, lack of ANC and uncontrolled maternal plasma glucose level were independent predictors of macrosomia.