Enhancing Efficiency and Stability of Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells through A-Site Compositional Engineering
Yiran Zhang, Sheng Ge, Chaodong Pu, Jing Xu, Yang Xiao, Xiaoyong Wang, Wenjing Zhai, Z. B. Yan, Haijiao Xie, Pengpeng Teng, Tao Yu, Jie Yang, Chunxiong Bao, Zhigang Zou
Abstract
Tin-based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) have attracted significant attention due to their relatively competitive performance and environmentally benign characteristics. Small-molecule additive strategies have been extensively employed to enhance TPSCs’ performance through crystallization modulation and defect passivation. However, most small-molecule additives exhibit lattice deformation or spontaneous desorption from perovskite, leading to accelerated device degradation under operational thermal/electrical stresses. In this work, a component-engineering crystallization modulation strategy is developed to improve the crystallinity without introducing extraneous additives. It not only accelerates precursor nucleation during spin-coating but also promotes the formation of a two-dimensional phase at the initial annealing stage, ultimately optimizing crystal orientation and improve crystallinity. It enables a marked efficiency enhancement from 10.22% to 13.49% in TPSCs, coupled with exceptional stability showing negligible efficiency degradation after 5800 h N 2 storage. This study provides critical insights into stabilizing tin-based perovskites through intrinsic material design, circumventing the stability limitations inherent in conventional additive-based approaches.