Octahedral Tilt-Driven Phase Transitions in BaZrS<sub>3</sub> Chalcogenide Perovskite
Prakriti Kayastha, Erik Fransson, Paul Erhart, Lucy D. Whalley
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Chalcogenide perovskites are lead-free materials for potential photovoltaic or thermoelectric applications. BaZrS 3 is the most-studied member of this family due to its superior thermal and chemical stability, desirable optoelectronic properties, and low thermal conductivity. Phase transitions in BaZrS 3 remain underexplored in the literature, as most experimental characterizations of this material have been performed at ambient conditions where the orthorhombic Pnma phase is reported to be stable. In this work, we study the dynamics of BaZrS 3 across a range of temperatures and pressures using an accurate machine learning interatomic potential trained with data from hybrid density functional theory calculations. At 0 Pa, we find a first-order phase transition from the orthorhombic to tetragonal I 4/ mcm phase at 610 K, and a second-order transition from the tetragonal to the cubic Pm 3̅ m phase at 880 K. The tetragonal phase is stable over a larger temperature range at higher pressures. To confirm the validity of our model we compare our results with a range of published experimental data and report a prediction for the X-ray diffraction pattern as a function of temperature.