An expeditious synthesis and histo–toxicological study of 1,2,3‐triazoles catalyzed by a novel Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>‐Pr‐Thiosemicarbazide‐Cu(II) as a magnetically separable catalyst
Archana Akaram Yadav, Pradeep Patil, Nagesh B. Birajdar, Anna Gophane, Krishna Chaitanya Gunturu, Shankar Hangirgekar, Sandeep Sankpal
Abstract
A novel Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 ‐Pr‐Thiosemicarbazide‐Cu(II) as a magnetically separable catalyst was synthesized and further confirmed by FT‐IR, TGA, XRD, FE‐SEM, EDX, ICP‐AES, TEM, VSM, and XPS analyses. The catalytic efficiency of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 ‐Pr‐Thiosemicarbazide‐Cu(II) was examined in the one‐pot environmentally friendly synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles by reacting terminal alkynes, alkyl halides, and sodium azide in ethanol at 55°C. The results revealed Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 ‐Pr‐Thiosemicarbazide‐Cu(II) nano–sizedcatalyst is advantageous in terms of excellent activity, high stability, and easily recoverable in the synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles. The mechanistic study of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 ‐Pr‐Thiosemicarbazide‐Cu(II) catalyzed synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazole is also supported by DFT calculations. The significant advantages of this catalytic system are mild reaction conditions, easy work‐up procedure, magnetic separation, heterogeneity, an excellent yield of the product, and recyclability without a notable decrease of catalytic potency for six runs. Further, histotoxicological assessment of synthesized 1,2,3‐triazoles was done on the Indian major carp Labeo rohita .