Raw clay material-based modified carbon paste electrodes for sensitive heavy metal detection in drinking water
Ali Sanou, Mariame Coulibaly, Seiny Roger N’Dri, Tudor Tămaş, Liliana Bizo, Tiberiu Frenţiu, Enikő Covaci, Koutouan Désiré Martial Abro, Pierre Jean-Marie Richard Dablé, Kouassi Benjamin Yao, Carmen Ioana Fort, Graziella Liana Turdean
Abstract
Abstract A new electrode based on carbon paste (CP) modified with natural clay was used for heavy metals detection. The investigation of the raw clay material (X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermal analysis and particle size distribution) revealed different morpho-structural properties of the natural material. The electrochemical behaviour of the modified carbon paste electrode and its ability to detect heavy metals (Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Cu 2+ ) was studied by different electrochemical techniques like cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Both electrochemical and analytical parameters of the investigated modified electrode recommend them as stable, sensitive and reproducible sensors for individual heavy metals detection.