Resilient Frequency-shifted IMC-PID Scheme for Mitigating Scaling and Random Attacks in Thermal Plants Amid Delay
Pulakraj Aryan, Nikhil Kumar, G. Lloyds Raja, Montse Meneses, Ramón Vilanova
Abstract
In recent times, several network-related scenarios like Communication Delays (CDs) and malicious Cyber Attacks (CAs) have posed a major challenge in keeping the operational frequency of automatic generation systems within admissible levels. Hence, the proposed work focuses on investigating the applicability of an Frequency-Shifted Internal Model Control-Proportional Integral Derivative (FIMC-PID) controller for Load Frequency Control (LFC) of a non-identical dual-area Power System (PS) in the presence of inherent CDs and CAs. The FIMC approach is based on the integration of concepts like model order reduction and pole-zero shifting of the reduced order transfer function by the constant (ψ) which indicates the amount by which system robustness can be manipulated. In addition to that, an analytical approach for obtaining a stable numerical range of the tunable parameter ψ is introduced using Routh-Hurwitz criteria. This range serves as the input for the Golden Jackal Optimizer (GJO) for finding the optimal value of ψ by minimizing the Integrated Time-Squared Error (ITSE). False Data Injection (FDI) threats to the cyber-physical systems like scaling and random attacks have been modeled and the efficacy of GJO-tuned FIMC strategy in mitigating the same is vindicated. Finally, hardware-in-loop real-time verification of the suggested strategy in mitigating frequency fluctuations is carried out in the OPAL-RT platform.