Full-spectrum visible electro-optic modulator
Shixin Xue, Zhimin Shi, Jingwei Ling, Zhengdong Gao, Qili Hu, Kaibo Zhang, G.J. Valentine, Xi Wu, Jeremy Staffa, Usman A. Javid, Qiang Lin
Abstract
We report an on-chip high-speed visible-band electro-optic modulator that can operate over the full visible spectrum of 400–700 nm, with a record low <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⋅</mml:mo> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> </mml:math> of 0.48, 0.25, and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mn>0.17</mml:mn> <mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">V</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⋅</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">c</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> at red, green, and blue wavelengths of 630, 520, and 450 nm, respectively, and an operation bandwidth of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>20</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">G</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> .