The anatomic basis of leptomeningeal metastasis
Morgan E. Freret, Adrienne Boire
Abstract
Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM), or spread of cancer to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled space surrounding the central nervous system, is a fatal complication of cancer. Entry into this space poses an anatomical challenge for cancer cells; movement of cells between the blood and CSF is tightly regulated by the blood-CSF barriers. Anatomical understanding of the leptomeninges provides a roadmap of corridors for cancer entry. This Review describes the anatomy of the leptomeninges and routes of cancer spread to the CSF. Granular understanding of LM by route of entry may inform strategies for novel diagnostic and preventive strategies as well as therapies.
Topics & Concepts
LeptomeningesCerebrospinal fluidMedicineMetastasisPathologyCancer metastasisPia materCancerCentral nervous systemNeuroscienceInternal medicineBiologyCerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalusBrain Metastases and TreatmentGlioma Diagnosis and Treatment