Therapeutic Advances of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Regenerative Medicine
Lei Yin, Xiaotian Liu, Ying–Hong Shi, Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey, Yu‐Yan Hu, Xiaoxi Li, Chenxiao Zhang, Wenrong Xu, Hui Qian
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are the main paracrine components of stem cells, mimic the regenerative capacity of these cells. Stem cell-derived EVs (SC-EVs) have been used for the treatment of various forms of tissue injury in preclinical trials through maintenance of their stemness, induction of regenerative phenotypes, apoptosis inhibition, and immune regulation. The efficiency of SC-EVs may be enhanced by selecting the appropriate EV-producing cells and cell phenotypes, optimizing cell culture conditions for the production of optimal EVs, and further engineering the EVs produced to transport therapeutic and targeting molecules.