Broad Spectral Response Z-Scheme Three-Dimensional Ordered Macroporous Carbon Quantum Dots/TiO<sub>2</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Composite for Boosting Photocatalysis
Wenliang Liu, Yan Wang, Kai Qi, Fushan Wen, Jiqian Wang
Abstract
Photocatalytic degradation technology is one of the effective protocols to solve environmental problems. TiO2 has always been favored for its photostability and low cost. However, the insufficient photocatalytic activity of TiO2 limits its application due to the severe recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes and a narrow light response range. Therefore, 3DTCN, a TiO2/g-C3N4 composite with a three-dimensional ordered macroporous structure was prepared by a colloidal crystal template technique to form a heterojunction for inhibiting the photogenerated electron–hole recombination. On 3DTCN, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were loaded by impregnation to obtain x % CQDs/3DTCN with a broad spectral response to light. The physical and chemical properties of samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution-TEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated via degrading the rhodamine B (RhB) dye, and the degradation efficiency of 1% CQDs/3DTCN (98%) was found to be much higher than that of 3DTCN (42%) in 80 min under simulated sunlight irradiation. Furthermore, it also possessed excellent durability. Meanwhile, the sample also showed an outstanding photoelectric property. Finally, the proposed mechanism of the composites had been mainly analyzed by density functional theory calculations. This work thus provides an idea to form a 3D structure heterojunction and further improve the photocatalytic activity.