Marked, Lasting Disease Regression and Concomitantly Induced Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia and Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Patient With Lung Adenocarcinoma and Autoantibodies Receiving Atezolizumab Plus Chemotherapy: A Case Report
Yoshinari Endo, Yusuke Inoue, Masato Karayama, Yasuyuki Nagata, Hironao Hozumi, Yuzo Suzuki, Kazuki Furuhashi, Noriyuki Enomoto, Tomoyuki Fujisawa, Yutaro Nakamura, Naoki Inui, Takafumi Suda
Abstract
Various immune-related adverse events can frequently occur, which may be life-threatening if programmed death 1 or its ligand is blocked. Here, we report a rare case of concomitant autoimmune hemolytic anemia and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis caused by atezolizumab plus chemotherapy in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma and autoantibodies. Dramatic and lasting tumor regression in response to only one therapy cycle was achieved. Nevertheless, this case suggests that careful management is required when using immunotherapy in patients with autoantibodies.