Obesity and nutritional strategies: advancing prevention and management through evidence-based approaches
Rosario Suárez, Estefanía Bautista-Valarezo, Andri Matos, Paula Catalina Calderón Abad, Federica Fascì-Spurio, J. García Castaño, Raynier Zambrano-Villacres, Gerardo Sarno, Evelyn Frías-Toral
Abstract
Obesity is considered a complex issue, influenced by genetic, environmental, and behavioural factors. Personalised nutrition, leveraging genomics, epigenetics, and metabolomics, has emerged as a promising approach to obesity management. Moreover, genetic polymorphisms, epigenetic modifications, and metabolomic markers can predict individual responses to dietary interventions, allowing for tailored strategies for weight loss and metabolic health. Novel biomarkers such as triacylglycerols, microRNA(miRNA) profiles, and adipokines, enhance risk assessment and treatment precision. Advances in digital health tools improve adherence however challenges remain in data standardisation, accessibility, and long-term validation. The integration of cutting-edge biomarkers with novel technology strategies offers a transformative shift in obesity management. Future research should address ethical concerns, refine interventions, and ensure widespread accessibility. This article provides a comprehensive overview of evidence-based key nutritional approaches, as well as novel strategies for the prevention and management of obesity which may have a significant impact on both clinical practice and future research.