Safeguarding the V2X Pathways: Exploring the Cybersecurity Landscape Through Systematic Review
Kevin Herman Muraro Gularte, José Alfredo Ruiz Vargas, João Paulo C. L. da Costa, Antonio Silva, Giovanni Almeida Santos, Wang Yu-ming, Christian Müller, Christoph Lipps, Rafael T. de Sousa, Walter de Britto Vidal Filho, Philipp Slusallek, Hans D. Schotten
Abstract
Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, essential for enhancing road safety, driving efficiency, and traffic management, must be robust against cybersecurity threats for successful deployment and acceptance. This survey comprehensively explores V2X security challenges, focusing on prevalent cybersecurity threats such as jamming, spoofing, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), and eavesdropping attacks. These threats were selected due to their prevalence and ability to compromise the integrity and reliability of V2X systems. Jamming can disrupt communications, spoofing can lead to data and identity manipulation, DDoS attacks can saturate system resources, and eavesdropping can compromise user privacy and information confidentiality. Addressing these major threats ensures that V2X systems are robust and secure for successful deployment and widespread acceptance. An extensive review uncovered a global landscape of V2X cybersecurity research. We highlight contributions from China in scientific publications and the United States in patent innovations, with notable advancements from leading corporations such as Qualcomm, LG, Huawei, Intel, Apple, and Samsung. This work educates and informs on the current state of V2X cybersecurity and identifies emerging trends and future research directions based on a year-by-year analysis of the literature and patents. The findings underscore the evolving cybersecurity landscape in V2X systems and the importance of continued innovation and research in this critical field. The survey navigates the complexities of securing V2X communications, emphasizing the necessity for advanced security protocols and technologies, and highlights innovative approaches within the global scientific and patent research context. By providing a panoramic view of the field, this survey sets the stage for future advancements in V2X cybersecurity.