Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases: Mechanisms in Cancer
Vignesh Sivaganesh, Varsha Sivaganesh, Christina Scanlon, Alexander Iskander, Salma Maher, Thu H. Le, Bela Peethambaran
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases, especially receptor tyrosine kinases, have dominated the cancer therapeutics sphere as proteins that can be inhibited to selectively target cancer. However, protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are also an emerging target. Though historically known as negative regulators of the oncogenic tyrosine kinases, PTPs are now known to be both tumor-suppressive and oncogenic. This review will highlight key protein tyrosine phosphatases that have been thoroughly investigated in various cancers. Furthermore, the different mechanisms underlying pro-cancerous and anti-cancerous PTPs will also be explored.
Topics & Concepts
Protein tyrosine phosphataseReceptor tyrosine kinaseTyrosineTyrosine kinaseProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcSH2 domainROR1PhosphataseSH3 domainBiologyCancerReceptor Protein-Tyrosine KinasesPhosphorylationKinaseTyrosine phosphorylationCell biologyBiochemistryCancer researchSignal transductionPlatelet-derived growth factor receptorReceptorGeneticsGrowth factorProtein Tyrosine PhosphatasesGalectins and Cancer BiologyCancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism