Mitigating the Torque Ripple in Electric Traction Using Proportional Integral Resonant Controller
Hawwooi Chuan, Seyed Mahdi Fazeli, Zhongze Wu, Richard Burke
Abstract
There is increasing popularity of using permanent magnet (PM) machines in vehicle propulsion systems. Due to the pre-excitation of PM, the machines could offer higher efficiency and torque density. However, their inherent torque ripple could be problematic for electric vehicles (EVs) due to low damping of torsional vibration which may affect passenger comfort. This can prohibit the use of PM machines to improve vehicle energy efficiency. This paper presents the application of resonant control (RC) to suppress the impact of the PM torque ripple, which aims to reduce the vibration of a vehicle. A prototype PM machine and driveline have been fitted to a light-duty off-road vehicle. Firstly, the drivetrain frequency response was analyzed. The main source of the vibration is identified as the 24 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> harmonic torque ripple of the 12-slot/8-pole PM machine, which originates from the cogging torque and air-gap flux harmonics. The vibration becomes more severe when the torque ripple frequency is close to the natural frequency of the drivetrain. Then, the RC in conjunction with PI controller (PIR) was introduced to be used at the outer speed loop, so that an accurate current reference signal can be generated for the inverter to mitigate the speed ripple. When compared to the conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller, PIR controller has demonstrated over 80% reduction in speed ripple, even when the torque ripple frequency is close to the natural frequency of the vehicle.