The 2025 China report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: empowering cities for synergistic action
Wenjia Cai, Chi Zhang, Shihui Zhang, Yuqi Bai, Бин Чэн, Jifei Chen, Liangliang Cheng, Weicheng Fan, Lian‐Fang Feng, Dabo Guan, Congkai Hong, Yixin Hu, Junyi Hua, Cunrui Huang, Hong Huang, Jianbin Huang, Xiaomeng Huang, John S. Ji, Qiaolei Jiang, Xiaopeng Jiang, Haidong Kan, Junren Kang, Gregor Kiesewetter, Bo Li, Guoao Li, Tiantian Li, Weiyi Liao, Borong Lin, Hualiang Lin, Huan Liu, Qiyong Liu, Xinghan Liu, Yanxiang Liu, Zehua Liu, Zhao Liu, Zhu Liu, Shuhan Lou, Bo Lü, Chenxi Lu, Wei Ma, Zhifu Mi, Yanqing Miao, Guangju Mo, Tim Repke, Chao Ren, Marina Romanello, Jianxiang Shen, Jing Su, Rui Su, Yuze Sun, Xu Tang, Maria Walawender, Can Wang, Hui Wang, Qing Wang, Qiong Wang, Yongyue Wang, Wangyu Wei, Sanmei Wen, Hui Xiong, Bing Xu, Xiu Yang, Yuren Yang, Fanghong Yao, Mingjun Yin, Le Yu, Zhaowu Yu, Jing Zhang, Rui Zhang, Shangchen Zhang, Shaohui Zhang, Zhenyu Zhang, Mengzhen Zhao, Qiang Zhao, Dashan Zheng, Hao Zhou, Jingbo Zhou, Yuye Zhou, Yong Luo, Peng Gong
Abstract
According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 2024 was the hottest year on record. China had unprecedented heat and heavy precipitation, with a national average temperature of 10·9°C, 1·01°C higher than the historical average (1991–2020), and annual precipitation of 697·7 mm, which is 9·0% higher than the average. As 2025 marks the 10th anniversary of the Paris Agreement and a key juncture for submitting new contributions, accelerating global climate action is imperative, especially in cities, which account for 58% of the world's population and 70% of total carbon emissions.