Verifiable and Redactable Blockchain for Internet of Vehicles Data Sharing
Yuxiang Yang, Yuling Chen, Zhiquan Liu, Chaoyue Tan, Yun Luo
Abstract
Blockchain enhances the security and interoperability of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) systems by serving as a secure and decentralized platform for data sharing. The rapid growth of IoV data makes it challenging to store the entire blockchain on edge nodes with limited storage resources due to the blockchain’s immutability. Redactable blockchain represents a potential solution for enabling the controlled modification of data on blocks. However, current redactable blockchain schemes suffer from high-computational overhead and lack support for stateful redaction and consistency checking. In this article, we propose a secure and efficient decentralized chameleon hash scheme (CHSTS) based on Schnorr threshold signatures. CHSTS allows <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-out-of-<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> edge nodes to collaborate with the transaction proposer to compute chameleon hash collisions, enabling modification and deletion of block data without breaking the hash links between the blocks. We then construct a redactable blockchain utilizing CHSTS to alleviate the storage limitations of edge nodes. To ensure consistency checking and stateful redaction of the redactable blockchain, we design a novel modification verification mechanism based on vector commitments. Finally, we provide detailed security analysis of the CHSTS scheme and integrate the proposed scheme into hyperledger fabric to evaluate the redactable blockchain through extensive experiments. The results demonstrate that our scheme incurs less computational overhead compared to the state-of-the-art chameleon hash schemes. Furthermore, our scheme maintains close efficiency compared to immutable blockchain, incurring negligible storage overhead.