A comparative analysis of the performance of magnetised copper–copper oxide/water and copper–copper oxide/kerosene oil hybrid nanofluids flowing through an extending surface with velocity slips and thermal convective conditions
Abdullah Dawar, Saeed Islam, Zahir Shah
Abstract
This article conveys a comparative analysis of the magnetohydrodynamic flow of water-based and kerosene oil-based copper and copper oxide hybrid nanofluids flow past a bi-directional stretching surface. The Maxwell model is considered in order to analyze the non-Newtonian behaviour of the hybrid nanofluids flow. The slip conditions are also visualised to analyze and compare the behaviours of the hybrid nanofluids flow due to different embedded parameters. Suitable similarity transformations are used to transfer PDEs into ODEs. The renovated system of equations is solved with the help of HAM. The convergence of HAM is shown with the help of figure. The results showed that the flow behaviour is always dominant for the case of no-slip conditions as compared to slip conditions. For the case of no-slip conditions, no variation is found in the skin fraction coefficient of the water-based hybrid nanofluid flow and kerosene oil-based hybrid nanofluid flow containing copper and copper oxide nanoparticles along with both primary and secondary directions via magnetic parameter, suction/injection parameter, and Deborah number. The increasing nanoparticles volume fractions of copper and copper oxide, and thermal Biot number augment the heat transfer rate of the water-based and kerosene oil-based hybrid nanofluids flow containing copper and copper oxide nanoparticles, while reduces with the augmenting Deborah number due to heat. The greater stretching parameter heightens the velocity profiles along with primary and secondary directions, while the opposite impact is found via magnetic parameter. Comparing the cases of slip and no-slip conditions, the greater impact along primary and secondary directions is observed for no-slip condition.