An Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> supported <i>O</i>-phenylenediamine based tetraaza Schiff base-Cu(<scp>ii</scp>) complex as a novel nanomagnetic catalytic system for synthesis of pyrano[2,3-<i>c</i>]pyrazoles
Rehab Tahseen alhayo, Ghufran Sh. Jassim, Hasanain Amer Naji, A. H. Shather, Israa Habeeb Naser, Luay Ali Khaleel, Haider Abdulkareem Almashhadani
Abstract
]pyrazole heterocycles. This synthesis involved a one-pot three-component condensation reaction, wherein hydrazine hydrate, ethyl acetoacetate, malononitrile, and aromatic aldehydes were combined under reflux conditions using water as the solvent. Notably, the heterogenized complex exhibited exceptional catalytic performance, achieving remarkable conversion rates and selectivity, all accomplished using only 12 mg of the catalyst. Furthermore, thorough stability assessments of this catalyst were conducted through reusability and hot filtration tests, which confirmed its non-leaching properties and demonstrated excellent results over the course of five consecutive runs.