Oxidative Cleavage of Indoles Mediated by Urea Hydrogen Peroxide or H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in Polar Solvents
Natalia Llopis, Patricia Gisbert, Alejandro Baeza
Abstract
Abstract The oxidative cleavage of indoles (Witkop oxidation) involving the use of H 2 O 2 or urea hydrogen peroxide in combination with a polar solvent has been described. Among these solvents, 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) stands out as the one affording the corresponding 2‐ketoacetanilides generally in higher yields The protocol described has also enabled the oxidation of different pyrroles and furans derivatives. Furthermore, the procedure was implemented in a larger‐scale and HFIP was distilled from the reaction mixture and reused (up to 4 cycles) without a significant detriment in the reaction outcome, which remarks its sustainability and applicability. magnified image
Topics & Concepts
ChemistryHydrogen peroxideSolventOxidative phosphorylationUreaPolarOxidative cleavageCleavage (geology)Organic chemistryMedicinal chemistryIndole testPeroxideCatalysisPhysicsFracture (geology)AstronomyBiochemistryGeotechnical engineeringEngineeringOxidative Organic Chemistry ReactionsChemical Synthesis and ReactionsSynthesis of Indole Derivatives