A field-level emulator for modelling baryonic effects across hydrodynamic simulations
Divij Sharma, Biwei Dai, Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro, Uroš Seljak
Abstract
ABSTRACT We develop a new and simple method to model baryonic effects at the field level relevant for weak lensing analyses. We analyse thousands of state-of-the-art hydrodynamic simulations from the CAMELS project, each with different cosmology and strength of feedback, and we find that the cross-correlation coefficient between full hydrodynamic and N-body simulations is very close to 1 down to $k\sim 10~h\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$. This suggests that modelling baryonic effects at the field level down to these scales only requires N-body simulations plus a correction to the mode’s amplitude given by: $\sqrt{P_{\rm hydro}(k)/P_{\rm nbody}(k)}$. In this paper, we build an emulator for this quantity, using Gaussian processes, that is flexible enough to reproduce results from thousands of hydrodynamic simulations that have different cosmologies, astrophysics, subgrid physics, volumes, resolutions, and at different redshifts. Our emulator, GPemu, is accurate within 5 per cent and exhibits a range of validation superior to previous studies. This method and our emulator enable field-level simulation-based inference analyses and accounting for baryonic effects in weak lensing analyses.