Biodiversity and bioprospecting of extremophilic microbiomes for agro-environmental sustainability

Abstract

icrobial communities live in a wide variety of environments, including natural normal conditions as well as extreme harsh environmental conditions of temperatures, salinity, water scarcity, and pH. To survive in such conditions, these stress adaptive microbes have developed adaptive properties to survive, multiple and produced bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites under the harsh/extreme conditions Extremophiles can live in some of the most aggressive environments on the Earth, with salinity (2-5 M NaCl; halophiles), pH (<4 acidophiles and> 9; alkaliphiles), temperature (-20 C to 20 C, psychrophiles/ psychrotrophic, 60 C to 115 C; Thermophiles/hyperthermophiles) Polyextremophiles have capability to grow optimally under two or more harsh/extreme conditions. True extremophiles are members of archaea, although extremophiles belonging to the domains of bacteria and eukaryotes are also known. Overall, the extremophilic microbiomes belong to different phylum i.e. Euryarcheota, Crenarchaeota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria Actinobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Bacteroidetes, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota (Figure These microbial enzymes are of significance for many potential microbial biotechnological applications in, textile industries energy, agriculture, the environment, food industry, healthcare, and pharmaceutical due to the stability and activity of extremozymes under extreme harsh conditions

Topics & Concepts