Efficacy of Flash Glucose Monitoring in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
Bonnie Liang, Digsu N. Koye, Mariam Hachem, Neda Zafari, Sabine Braat, Elif I. Ekinci
Abstract
Objective Flash glucose monitoring (FlashGM) is a sensor-based technology that displays glucose readings and trends to people with diabetes. In this meta-analysis, we assessed the effect of FlashGM on glycaemic outcomes including HbA 1c , time in range, frequency of hypoglycaemic episodes and time in hypo/hyperglycaemia compared to self-monitoring of blood glucose, using data from randomised controlled trials. Methods A systematic search was conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL for articles published between 2014 and 2021. We selected randomised controlled trials comparing flash glucose monitoring to self-monitoring of blood glucose that reported change in HbA 1c and at least one other glycaemic outcome in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Two independent reviewers extracted data from each study using a piloted form. Meta-analyses using a random-effects model was conducted to obtain a pooled estimate of the treatment effect. Heterogeneity was assessed using forest plots and the I 2 statistic. Results We identified 5 randomised controlled trials lasting 10 – 24 weeks and involving 719 participants. Flash glucose monitoring did not lead to a significant reduction in HbA 1c . However, it resulted in increased time in range (mean difference 1.16 hr, 95% CI 0.13 to 2.19, I 2 = 71.7%) and decreased frequency of hypoglycaemic episodes (mean difference -0.28 episodes per 24 hours, 95% CI -0.53 to -0.04, I 2 = 71.4%). Conclusions Flash glucose monitoring did not lead to a significant reduction in HbA 1c compared to self-monitoring of blood glucose, however, it improved glycaemic management through increased time in range and decreased frequency of hypoglycaemic episodes. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ , identifier PROSPERO (CRD42020165688).