<p>The Immune Modulation Effect of Locoregional Therapies and Its Potential Synergy with Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma</p>
Prabhsimranjot Singh, Sudhamshi Toom, Akshay Avula, Vivek Kumar, Osama E. Rahma
Abstract
Locoregional therapies (LRTs) including radiofrequency ablation, surgical resection, and TACE, play a pivotal role in the treatment of early stage/locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Besides their direct effect on tumor cells, LRTs also play an essential role in the immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment which is of interest in the current era of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we describe the HCC immune microenvironment and how it is affected by LRTs as described in multiple pre-clinical and clinical studies and provide the rationale for combining LRTs with immunotherapy.
Topics & Concepts
Hepatocellular carcinomaImmunotherapyImmune systemTumor microenvironmentMedicineLiver cancerOncologyCancer researchImmunologyInternal medicineCancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersImmunotherapy and Immune ResponsesHepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis