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Inclusion and Trace Element Characteristics of Emeralds from Swat Valley, Pakistan

Hong-Shu Guo, Xiaoyan Yu, Yuyu Zheng, Zhulin Sun, Miro Fei-Yeung Ng

2020Gems & Gemology15 citationsDOIOpen Access PDF

Abstract

akistan's production of emeralds has been increasing in recent years, and reserves are estimated at almost 70 million carats Swat Valley is known for small stones with saturated color (figure Mineralogical curiosities include three-phase fluid inclusions Photomicrographs of three-phase inclusions in Swat emeralds are provided for the first time in this study.

Topics & Concepts

Trace elementInclusion (mineral)GeologyGeochemistryMineralogyMineralogy and Gemology StudiesCrystal Structures and Properties