Antibody‐mediated procoagulant platelet formation in COVID‐19 is AKT dependent
Lisann Pelzl, Anurag Singh, Jonas Funk, Andreas Witzemann, Irene Marini, Jan Zlamal, Karoline Weich, Wissam Abou‐Khalel, Stefanie Hammer, Guenalp Uzun, Karina Althaus, Tamam Bakchoul
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Thromboembolic events are frequently reported in patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2. Recently, we observed that platelets from patients with severe COVID-19 infection express procoagulant phenotype. The molecular mechanisms that induce the generation of procoagulant platelets in COVID-19 patients are not completely understood. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we investigated the role of AKT (also known as Protein Kinase B), which is the major downstream effector of PI3K (phosphoinositid-3-kinase) (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway in platelets from patients with COVID-19. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Platelets, Sera and IgG from COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were analyzed by flow cytometry as well as western blot and adhesion assays. RESULTS: Platelets from COVID-19 patients showed significantly higher levels of phosphorylated AKT, which was correlated with CD62p expression and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization. In addition, healthy platelets incubated with sera or IgGs from ICU COVID-19 patients induced phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT and were dependent on Fc-gamma-RIIA (FcγRIIA). In contrast, ICU COVID-19 sera mediated generation of procoagulant platelets was not dependent on GPIIb/IIIa. Interestingly, the inhibition of phosphorylation of both proteins AKT and PI3K prevented the generation of procoagulant platelets. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that pAKT/AKT signaling pathway is associated with the formation of procoagulant platelets in severe COVID-19 patients without integrin GPIIb/IIIa engagement. The inhibition of PI3K/AKT phosphorylation might represent a promising strategy to reduce the risk for thrombosis in patients with severe COVID-19.