Reactive metal boride nanoparticles trap lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan for bacteria-infected wound healing
Yun Meng, Lijie Chen, Yang Chen, Jieyun Shi, Zheng Zhang, Yiwen Wang, Fan Wu, Xingwu Jiang, Wei Yang, Li Zhang, Chaochao Wang, Xianfu Meng, Yelin Wu, Wenbo Bu
Abstract
Bacteria and excessive inflammation are two main factors causing non-healing wounds. However, current studies have mainly focused on the inhibition of bacteria survival for wound healing while ignoring the excessive inflammation induced by dead bacteria-released lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or peptidoglycan (PGN). Herein, a boron-trapping strategy has been proposed to prevent both infection and excessive inflammation by synthesizing a class of reactive metal boride nanoparticles (MB NPs). Our results show that the MB NPs are gradually hydrolyzed to generate boron dihydroxy groups and metal cations while generating a local alkaline microenvironment. This microenvironment greatly enhances boron dihydroxy groups to trap LPS or PGN through an esterification reaction, which not only enhances metal cation-induced bacterial death but also inhibits dead bacteria-induced excessive inflammation both in vitro and in vivo, finally accelerating wound healing. Taken together, this boron-trapping strategy provides an approach to the treatment of bacterial infection and the accompanying inflammation.