Full quantum one‐way function for quantum cryptography
Tao Shang, Yao Tang, Ranyiliu Chen, Jianwei Liu
Abstract
One-way functions are fundamental tools for cryptography. Until now, quantum one-way functions have several input-output categories such as “classical-to-classical,” “classical-to-quantum,” and “quantum-to-classical,” which are used for postquantum cryptography or quantum cryptography. However, there are still no intrinsic “quantum-to-quantum” quantum one-way functions. In this article, we propose the full quantum one-way function to design full quantum cryptographic schemes. By concatenating the “quantum-classical” one-way function and the rotation operation of single qubit, the full quantum one-way function has the input and output of quantum states. We prove its one-way property from “easy computation” and “computationally difficult to invert.” Then we apply the full quantum one-way function to quantum identity authentication. Security analysis shows that the proposed quantum identity authentication scheme based on the full quantum one-way function is secure even under active attacks.