A National Study to Assess Validity and Psychometrics of the Short Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6)
Emre Umucu, Karen L. Fortuna, Hyejin Jung, Anita Białuńska, Beatrice Lee, Thenral Mangadu, Marianne Storm, Gül Ergün, Donyeill A. Mozer, Jessica Brooks
Abstract
This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-6 (K6) with a nationally representative clinical sample with various mental health disorders. The cross-sectional, nationally representative, and publicly available data were extracted from the 2014 Health Center Patient Survey (HCPS), which was sponsored by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). After excluding certain individuals for the purpose of this study, we had a total of 1,863 participants. The highest and lowest psychological distress weighted scores were reported by individuals with bipolar disorder ( M = 17.16) and individuals with schizophrenia ( M = 16.09), respectively, although psychological distress interference was highest in individuals with schizophrenia ( M = 2.44). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results yielded a unidimensional factor solution for K6 scale in all subgroups. The K6 is a brief, reliable, and valid measure of psychological distress in adults with panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.