Pathogenic Role of 25-Hydroxycholesterol in Cancer Development and Progression
Sura Salman Ejam, Raed Obaid Saleh, Maria Jade Catalan Opulencia, Mazin A. A. Najm, Aziza Makhmudova, Abduladheem Turki Jalil, Walid Kamal Abdelbasset, Moaed E. Al‐Gazally, Ali Thaeer Hammid, Yasser Fakri Mustafa, Sergushina Elena Sergeevna, Sajad Karampoor, Rasoul Mirzaei
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential lipid that serves several important functions, including maintaining the homeostasis of cells, acting as a precursor to bile acid and steroid hormones and preserving the stability of membrane lipid rafts. 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) is a cholesterol derivative that may be formed from cholesterol. 25-HC is a crucial component in various biological activities, including cholesterol metabolism. In recent years, growing evidence has shown that 25-HC performs a critical function in the etiology of cancer, infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders. This review will summarize the latest findings regarding 25-HC, including its biogenesis, immunomodulatory properties and role in innate/adaptive immunity, inflammation and the development of various types of cancer.