CO<sub>2</sub> Activation by Lewis Pairs Generated Under Copper Catalysis Enables Difunctionalization of Imines
Zhenghua Li, Liang Zhang, Masayoshi Nishiura, Gen Luo, Yi Luo, Zhaomin Hou
Abstract
Integration of distinct substrate activation modes in a catalytic circle is critical for the development of new, powerful synthetic methodologies toward complex and value-added chemicals from simple and readily available feedstocks. Here, we describe a highly selective difunctionalization of imines through incorporation of activation of CO2 by intramolecular N/B Lewis pairs into a copper catalytic cycle. Experimental and computational studies on the mechanistic aspect revealed an α-borylalkylamido intermediate, a metal amide-based Lewis pair formed by borylation of a C–N double bond, and enabled an unprecedented CO2 fixation pattern that is in sharp contrast to the traditional CO2 insertion into transition-metal-element bonds. The unique lithium cyclic boracarbamate products could be easily transformed into multifunctional N-carboxylated α-amino boronates. The highly diastereoselective reactions of chiral N-tert-butanesulfinyl aldimines were also achieved. We hope that our findings may inspire further development of selective multicomponent reactions by incorporation of Lewis pair chemistry into transition-metal catalysis.