Control of High-Harmonic Generation by Tuning the Electronic Structure and Carrier Injection
Hiroyuki Nishidome, Kohei Nagai, Kento Uchida, Yota Ichinose, Yohei Yomogida, Yasumitsu Miyata, Kōichiro Tanaka, Kazuhiro Yanagi
Abstract
High-harmonic generation (HHG), which is the generation of light with multiple optical harmonics, is an unconventional nonlinear optical phenomenon beyond the perturbation regime. HHG, which was initially observed in gaseous media, has recently been demonstrated in solid-state materials. Determining how to control such extreme nonlinear optical phenomena is a challenging subject. Here, we demonstrate the control of HHG through tuning the electronic structure and carrier injection using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). We reveal systematic changes in the high-harmonic spectra of SWCNTs with a series of electronic structures ranging from a metal structure to a semiconductor structure. We demonstrate enhancement or reduction of harmonic generation by more than 1 order of magnitude by tuning the electron and hole injection into the semiconductor SWCNTs through electrolyte gating. These results open a path toward the control of HHG in the context of field-effect transistor devices.