How short is the runaway electron flow in an air electrode gap?
G. Mesyats, M. I. Yalandin, Н. М. Зубарев, A. G. Sadykova, K. A. Sharypov, V. G. Shpak, S. A. Shunaĭlov, M. R. Ul’maskulov, O. V. Zubareva, A. V. Kozyrev, Natalia Semeniuk
Abstract
We present and analyze characteristics of the runaway electron flow in a high-voltage (the voltage rise rate of up to 1.5 MV/ns) air-filled electrode gap with a strongly nonuniform electric field. It is demonstrated that such a flow contains a high-energy electron component of duration not more than 10 ps. According to numerical simulations, runaway electron generation/termination is governed by impact ionization of the gas near the cathode and switching on/off a critical (sufficient for electrons to run away) electric field at the boundary of the expanding cathode plasma. The corresponding characteristic time estimated to be 2–3 ps is defined by the ionization rate at a critical field.