Constructing Interfacial Charge Transfer Channels and Electric Field in Violet Phosphorus-Based van der Waals Heterojunction for Phototherapy of Periodontitis
Qian Wu, Tian Deng, Juan Cheng, Yujie Yang, Yulan Wang, Yin Xiao, Yufeng Zhang
Abstract
Periodontitis, a chronic oral disease instigated by bacteria, severely compromises human oral health. The prevailing clinical treatment for periodontitis involves mechanical scraping in conjunction with antibiotics. Phototherapy is employed to rapidly remove the bacteria and achieve periodontitis treatment, effectively circumventing the adverse effects associated with traditional therapies. Constructing 2D/2D van der Waals (VDW) heterojunctions is a key strategy for obtaining excellent photocatalytic activity. Herein, a 2D/2D violet phosphorus (VP)/Ti 3 C 2 VDW heterojunction is designed using an interfacial engineering strategy. By constructing an electron transport “bridge” (P–Ti bond) at the heterogeneous interface as an effective transfer channel for photogenerated carriers, a compact monolithic structure between the VP and Ti 3 C 2 phases is formed, and the spatial barrier for electron transfer at the interface is eliminated. Meanwhile, the strong directional built-in electric field induced by the intensive electron-coupling effect at the heterogeneous interface served as an internal driving force, which greatly accelerates the exciton dissociation and charge transfer in the photocatalytic process. These excited photogenerated electrons and holes are trapped by O 2 and H 2 O on the surfaces of Ti 3 C 2 and VP, respectively, and are subsequently catalytically converted to antibacterial reactive oxygen species (ROS). The VP/Ti 3 C 2 VDW heterojunction eradicated 97.5% and 98.48% of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively, by photocatalytic and photothermal effects under visible light for 10 min. The VP/Ti 3 C 2 nanoperiodontal dressing ointment effectively attenuated inflammatory response, reduced alveolar bone resorption, and promoted periodontal soft and hard tissue repair. Its periodontitis therapeutic effect outperforms the clinically used Periocline.