Comparative real-world outcomes of CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapies in large B-cell lymphoma
Xavier Deschênes‐Simard, Maria Bromberg, Sean M. Devlin, Mithat Gönen, Ofrat Beyar‐Katz, Andrew Ip, Ronit Marcus, Abraham Avigdor, Annamaria Ballweg, Emma Rabinovich, Mohammad Alhomoud, Alfredo Rivas‐Delgado, Magdalena Corona, Alejandro Luna, M. Lia Palomba, Gunjan L. Shah, Richard J. Lin, Alexander P. Boardman, Lorenzo Falchi, Jennifer Kimberly Lue, Gilles Salles, Miguel‐Angel Perales, Roni Shouval, Parastoo B. Dahi, Michael Scordo
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Although 3 commercial CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies are available for large B-cell lymphomas (LBCLs), no randomized clinical trials have compared their efficacy and safety. In this retrospective multicenter cohort study, we evaluated real-world clinical outcomes of patients with relapsed/refractory LBCL treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel), tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel), or lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel). Between April 2016 and July 2024, 624 patients received CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapies (344 axi-cel, 142 tisa-cel, and 138 liso-cel). At a median follow-up of 20.9 months, the respective estimated 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 46% and 63% for axi-cel, 30% and 45% for tisa-cel, and 45% and 58% for liso-cel. After adjusting for potential confounders in multivariate analyses, tisa-cel was associated with inferior PFS and OS compared to axi-cel. No significant survival differences were found between liso-cel and axi-cel. Propensity score and subanalyses of patients treated in the second-line vs third-line or later settings yielded similar outcomes. Compared to axi-cel, the objective response rate at 100 days was higher for liso-cel and lower for tisa-cel. Rates of cytokine release syndrome, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, and immune effector cell-associated hematotoxicity, and febrile neutropenia were significantly higher with axi-cel. However, no significant differences in the cumulative incidence of infections or nonrelapse mortality were found. Axi-cel was associated with faster vein-to-vein time (axi-cel, 35 days; tisa-cel, 43 days; liso-cel, 41 days) and fewer out-of-specification products (axi-cel, 2%; tisa-cel, 4%; liso-cel, 11%). These results provide insights into potential differential outcomes depending on product selection.