Synergistic effects of SWCNT and MgO nanoparticle additives on engine performance and emissions: a laboratory analysis approach
Erdal Çılğın
Abstract
This study systematically investigated the effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles on engine performance and emissions. In the first phase, the nanoparticles underwent detailed laboratory analyses, followed by engine experiments conducted at a constant 1500 rpm. Surface morphology was examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the homogeneity of elemental distribution. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) provided insights into surface roughness and structural properties, and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method was employed to evaluate specific surface area and porosity. X-ray diffraction (XRD) identified crystal structures, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterized oxygen functional groups. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated the high thermal stability of both SWCNT and MgO. EDS results confirmed the homogeneous distribution of MgO and SWCNT on the surface. Engine tests revealed that fuels containing these additives enhanced brake thermal efficiency, cylinder pressure, net heat release, and mean gas temperature. SWCNT proved more effective than MgO in improving combustion efficiency and reducing carbon monoxide emissions. The findings from the engine experiments were consistent with the laboratory analysis results. These comprehensive evaluations clearly highlight the potential of SWCNT and MgO to optimize engine performance and reduce environmental impacts.