Exercise-Released Myokines in the Control of Energy Metabolism
Claire Laurens, Audrey Bergouignan, Cédric Moro
Abstract
Physical activity reduces cardiometabolic risk, while physical inactivity increases chronic diseases risk. This led to the idea that exercise-induced muscle contraction contributes to metabolic regulation and health. It is now well established that skeletal muscle, through the release of endocrine factors, i.e., so-called myokines, crosstalk with metabolic organs such as adipose tissue, liver and pancreas. Recent advances suggested that a number of myokines are able to modulate adipose tissue metabolism and thermogenic activity, liver endogenous glucose production and β-cell insulin secretion. This novel paradigm offers a compelling hypothesis and molecular basis to explain the link between physical inactivity and chronic diseases. Herein, we review major findings and recent advances linking exercise, myokines secretion and inter-organ crosstalk. Identifying the molecular mediators linking physical activity to metabolic health could open the path toward novel therapeutic targets in metabolic diseases.